Overview
Jang Yeong-sil (c. 1390s – c. 1450s) was a scientist and inventor during the early Joseon Dynasty. Born as a government slave, his exceptional talent was recognized by King Sejong, who freed him and appointed him to lead scientific projects.
Basic Information
| Born | c. 1390s, Dongnae |
|---|---|
| Died | c. 1450s |
| Origin | Government slave → Rank of Sanghogun (Junior 3rd rank) |
| Patron | King Sejong the Great |
| Fields | Astronomy, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy |
Major Inventions
| Invention | Year | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Jagyeongnu | 1434 | Self-striking water clock with automata |
| Angbuilgu | 1434 | Concave sundial showing time and seasons |
| Honcheonui | 1433 | Armillary sphere for celestial observation |
| Rain Gauge | 1441 | World's first standardized rain gauge |
| Ongnu | 1438 | Precision palace water clock |
Jagyeongnu (1434)
His masterpiece. An automated water clock that used the flow of water to strike bells, drums, and gongs automatically to announce the time.
Rain Gauge (1441)
The world's first device to quantitatively measure rainfall, invented about 200 years before similar devices in Europe.
Significance
- Established Korea's independent astronomical observation system
- Symbol of meritocracy over social class
- Pioneering inventions recorded in world science history
Legacy
- Symbol of Korean science and technology
- Jang Yeong-sil Science Museum in Busan
- Jang Yeong-sil Award by the National Academy of Engineering