Overview
Gyeongbokgung Palace (景福宮) is the main royal palace of the Joseon Dynasty, located in Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Built in 1395 by King Taejo, the founder of the Joseon Dynasty, it served as the political and ceremonial center of the kingdom. Today, it is one of Korea's premier historical tourist attractions, housing numerous national treasures.
Basic Information
| Location | 161 Sajik-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul |
|---|---|
| Built | 1395 (4th year of King Taejo) |
| Area | Approximately 430,000㎡ |
| Designation | Historic Site No. 117 |
| Hours | 09:00-18:00 (varies by season) |
| Closed | Every Tuesday |
History
Foundation of Joseon
Gyeongbokgung was built in 1395 as the main palace of the newly established Joseon Dynasty after King Taejo moved the capital to Hanyang (present-day Seoul). The name "Gyeongbok" means "Palace of Shining Happiness," derived from a phrase in the Chinese Book of Songs.
Destruction During Imjin War
In 1592, during the Japanese invasions, most of Gyeongbokgung was destroyed by fire. The palace remained in ruins for approximately 270 years.
Reconstruction by the Heungseon Daewongun
In 1867, the Heungseon Daewongun initiated a major reconstruction project, restoring over 7,700 rooms. This was the largest construction project of the late Joseon period.
Japanese Colonial Period
During Japanese occupation, the Japanese Government-General Building was constructed in front of the palace, and over 90% of the palace buildings were demolished.
Modern Restoration
Since the 1990s, extensive restoration work has been ongoing, with major structures like Gwanghwamun Gate, Heungnyemun Gate, and Jagyeongjeon Hall being restored.
Major Structures
Gwanghwamun Gate
The main gate of Gyeongbokgung, symbolizing the authority of the Joseon Dynasty. The current gate was restored to its original location using traditional methods in 2010.
Geunjeongjeon Hall
The throne hall where important state affairs and ceremonies were conducted. It is designated as National Treasure No. 223.
Gyeonghoeru Pavilion
A beautiful pavilion built on a pond, used for state banquets and receiving foreign envoys. It is National Treasure No. 224.
Hyangwonjeong Pavilion
A two-story hexagonal pavilion on an island in the rear garden, used as a retreat for the king and queen.
Visitor Information
- Guard Changing Ceremony: Daily at 10:00 and 14:00 in front of Gwanghwamun
- Night Opening: Special evening openings in spring and autumn
- Hanbok Discount: Free admission for visitors wearing traditional Korean attire
- Guided Tours: Available in Korean, English, Japanese, and Chinese
Nearby Attractions
- National Palace Museum of Korea
- National Folk Museum of Korea
- Cheong Wa Dae (Blue House)
- Bukchon Hanok Village
- Insadong