Baekje: 700 Years of Maritime Kingdom and Brilliant Culture

Overview

Baekje (18 BC – 660 AD) was an ancient Korean kingdom centered in southwestern Korea that existed for 678 years. Through maritime trade, it actively exchanged with China and Japan, serving as a central hub for East Asian cultural transmission.

Founding and Development

Foundation (18 BC)

Onjo, son of Goguryeo"s Jumong, migrated south with his brother Biryu and founded Baekje at Wiryeseong (Hanseong). It started as a small state within Mahan but gradually grew.

Hanseong Period (18 BC-475 AD)

King Geunchogo (346-375) led Baekje"s golden age. He fully integrated Mahan, attacked Goguryeo"s Pyongyang killing King Gogugwon, and actively conducted diplomacy with China and Japan. He presented the Seven-Branched Sword to Japan.

Ungjin Period (475-538)

After Hanseong fell to Goguryeo"s King Jangsu and King Gaero died, King Munju moved the capital to Ungjin (Gongju). King Muryeong (501-523) restored national strength and actively exchanged with China"s Liang dynasty.

Sabi Period (538-660)

King Seong (523-554) moved the capital to Sabi (Buyeo) and changed the kingdom"s name to Southern Buyeo. He spread Buddhism to Japan but died in the Battle of Gwansanseong.

Notable Kings

Culture and Legacy

Buddhist Culture

Baekje was a cultural powerhouse that transmitted Buddhism to Japan. Baekje monks, artisans, and scholars contributed to Japan"s Asuka culture.

Tomb of King Muryeong

Discovered undisturbed in 1971, it showcases Baekje"s brilliant culture with national treasures including gold crown ornaments and bronze mirrors.

Fall

In 660, Baekje fell when Sabi was captured by the Silla-Tang alliance and King Uija surrendered. Revival movements continued until defeat at the Battle of Baekgang in 663.